LEARN GREEK AND HEBREW THROUGH LATIN

#paulinitas #ongoingformation #famigliapaolina

= For everything written in the past was written to teach us, so that with the encouragement of the Tanakh we might patiently hold on to our hope.

= ὅσα γὰρ προεγράφη, εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν ἐγράφη, ἵνα διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν γραφῶν τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχωμεν.

= Quaecumque enim antea scripta sunt, ad nostram doctrinam scripta sunt, ut per patientiam et consolationem Scripturarum spem habeamus.

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01 hósa-ὅσα (RelPro-NNP - hósos-ὅσος G3745) L: Quaecumque E: Whatever I: quanto

02 gàr-γὰρ (Conj - gár-γάρ G1063) L: enim E: for I: infatti

03 proegráphē,-προεγράφη, (V-AIP-3S - prográphō-προγράφω G4270) L: antea scripta sunt E: was written in the past, I: fu scritto

04 (pánta)-(πάντα) (Adj-NNP - [-] G3956) L: [-] E: all I: [tutto]

05 eis-εἰς (Prep - eis-εἰς G1519) L: ad E: for I: per

06 tḕn-τὴν (Art-AFS - ho-ὁ G3588) L: [-] E: the I: il

07 hēmetéran-ἡμετέραν (PPro-AF1P - hēméteros-ἡμέτερος G2251) L: nostram E: our I: nostro

08 didaskalían-διδασκαλίαν (N-AFS - didaskalía-διδασκαλία G1319) L: doctrinam E: instruction I: apprendimento

09 egráphē,-ἐγράφη, (V-AIP-3S - gráphō-γράφω G1125) L: scripta sunt, E: was written, I: fu scritto

10 hína-ἵνα (Conj - hína-ἵνα G2443) L: ut E: so that I: affinché

11 dià-διὰ (Prep - diá-διά G1223) L: per E: through I: per

12 tē̂s-τῆς (Art-GFS - ho-ὁ G3588) L: [-] E: the I: la

13 hypomonē̂s-ὑπομονῆς (N-GFS - hypomonḗ-ὑπομονή G5281) L: patientiam E: endurance I: sopportazione

14 kaì-καὶ (Conj - kaí-καί G2532) L: [-] E: and I: e

15 dià-διὰ (Prep - diá-διά G1223) L: et E: through I: per

16 tē̂s-τῆς (Art-GFS - ho-ὁ G3588) L: [-] E: the I: la

17 paraklḗseōs-παρακλήσεως (N-GFS - paráklēsis-παράκλησις G3874) L: consolationem E: encouragement I: esortazione

18 tō̂n-τῶν (Art-GFP - ho-ὁ G3588) L: [-] E: of the I: delle

19 graphō̂n-γραφῶν (N-GFP - graphḗ-γραφή G1124) L: Scripturarum E: Scriptures, I: scritture

20 tḕn-τὴν (Art-AFS - ho-ὁ G3588) L: [-] E: the I: la

21 elpída-ἐλπίδα (N-AFS - elpís-ἐλπίς G1680) L: spem E: hope I: speranza

22 échōmen.-ἔχωμεν. (V-PSA-1P - échō-ἔχω G2192) L: habeamus. E: we might have. I: che abbiamo

1

εἰς τὴν διδασκαλίαν ἡμετέραν ἐγράφη γὰρ ὅσα προεγράφη, ἵνα διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν γραφῶν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς, ἔχωμεν τὴν ἐλπίδα.

eis tḕn didaskalían hēmetéran egráphē gàr hósa proegráphē, hína dià tē̂s paraklḗseōs tō̂n graphō̂n, kaì dià tē̂s hypomonē̂s, échōmen tḕn elpída.

2

ὅσα ἐγράφη γὰρ, προεγράφη εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν, ἵνα διὰ τῶν γραφῶν τῆς παρακλήσεως καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς, τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχωμεν.

hósa egráphē gàr, proegráphē eis tḕn hēmetéran didaskalían, hína dià tō̂n graphō̂n tē̂s paraklḗseōs kaì dià tē̂s hypomonē̂s, tḕn elpída échōmen.

3

προεγράφη γὰρ, ὅσα ἐγράφη, εἰς τὴν διδασκαλίαν ἡμετέραν, ἵνα διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν γραφῶν καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς ἔχωμεν τὴν ἐλπίδα.

proegráphē gàr, hósa egráphē, eis tḕn didaskalían hēmetéran, hína dià tē̂s paraklḗseōs tō̂n graphō̂n kaì dià tē̂s hypomonē̂s échōmen tḕn elpída.

SEMANTIC PARALLELS

Deut 17,19 (It is to remain with him, and he is to read in it every day, as long as he lives; so that he will learn to fear ADONAI his God and keep all the words of this Torah and these laws and obey them;); Ps 119,50, 76, 81; Isa 34,16 (Seek from the book of the LORD, and read: Not one of these will be missing; None will lack its mate. For His mouth has commanded, And His Spirit has gathered them.); John 5,39 (You search the Scriptures, because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is these that bear witness of Me;); Acts 17,11 (These Jews were more open-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they eagerly received the message, examining the scriptures carefully every day to see if these things were so.); 24,15; Rom 4,23f; 5,3; 8,24f; 12,12 (Rejoice in hope, endure in suffering, persist in prayer.); 1 Cor 9,10 (Or is He speaking altogether for our sake? Yes, for our sake it was written, because the plowman ought to plow in hope, and the thresher to thresh in hope of sharing the crops.); 10,11 (Now these things happened to them as an example, and they were written for our instruction, upon whom the ends of the ages have come.); 2 Tim 3,16 (All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness;); Heb 10,36; Jas 5,7; 1 Pet 1,13.

GREEK ALIGNING

προεγράφη, indicative aorist passive 3rd person singular from προγράφω present in 1 Macc 10,36; Dan 3,3; Rom 15,4; Gal 3,1 (You stupid Galatians! Who has put you under a spell? Before your very eyes Yeshua the Messiah was clearly portrayed as having been put to death as a criminal! (προεγράφη ἐσταυρωμένος; - descriptus est crucifixus?); Eph 3,3; Jude 1,4.

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διδασκαλίαν: noun accusative feminine singular common from διδασκαλία; cfr. Prov 2,17; Sir 24,33; Rom 15,4; 2 Tim 3,16 (All Scripture is God-breathed and is valuable for teaching the truth [πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, = ad docendum], convicting of sin, correcting faults and training in right living;); Titus 2,10 (not pilfering, but showing all good faith that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior [ἵνα τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ = ut doctrinam salutaris nostri Dei] in every respect.). -  See the association “hope” and “endurance” in Rom 5,4; 8,25; 12,12 (Rejoice in your hope, be patient in your troubles, and continue steadfastly in prayer.); 15,4; 1 Cor 13,7; 1 Thess 1,3.

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ἐγράφη: Rom 4,23 (But the words, it was reckoned to him, were written not for his sake alone [Οὐκ ἐγράφη δὲ δι᾽ αὐτὸν μόνον = Non est autem scriptum tantum propter ipsum = Now <1161> not for his sake <1223> only <3440> was it written <1125>]); 1 Cor 9,10; 10,11. In Hebrew Old Testament, see ἐγράφη in LXX 1 Esd 8,62; Ezra 8,34; Esth 8,9f (The king's secretaries were summoned at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day; and an edict was written according to all that Mordecai commanded concerning the Jews [καὶ ἐγράφη τοῖς Ιουδαίοις = וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מָרְדֳּכַ֣י אֶל־הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים = scriptae sunt epistulae, ut Mardochaeus voluerat, ad Iudaeos = and it was written <03789> according to all that Mordecai <04782> commanded <06680> to the Jews <03064>] to the satraps and the governors and the princes of the provinces from India to Ethiopia, a hundred and twenty-seven provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, and also to the Jews in their script and their language.); 9,32. NOTICE: וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב is וְ particle conjunction + verb niphal waw consec imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from H3789 כָּתַב kathab, to write. See וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב in Exod 24,4; 34,28; Num 33,2; Deut 10,4; 31,9, 22; Josh 8,32; Ezra 8,34; Jer 51,60; Mal 3,16.

LATIN ALIGNING

SPEM: in Rom 4,18 In hope he believed against hope, that he should become the father of many nations; as he had been told, "So shall your descendants be." [qui contra spem in spe credidit = Ὃς παρ᾽ ἐλπίδα ἐπ᾽ ἐλπίδι ἐπίστευσεν = In hope <1680> against <1909> hope <1680> he believed <4100>]; 5,4; 8,20; 15,4

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SCRIPTA SUNT: 1 Cor 4,6; 9,10 (all the more does he say this for our sakes. Yes, it was written for us [Nam propter nos scripta sunt = δι᾽ ἡμᾶς γὰρ ἐγράφη = for our sake <1223> it was written <1125>], meaning that he who plows and he who threshes should work expecting to get a share of the crop.); 10,11 (Now these things happened to them as a warning, but they were written down for our instruction [scripta sunt autem ad correptionem nostrum = ἐγράφη δὲ πρὸς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν = and <1161> they were written <1125> for <4314> our <2257> instruction <3559>], upon whom the end of the ages has come.); Gal 3,10.

a.c.

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“Non è infatti la circoncisione che conta, né la non circoncisione, ma l'essere nuova creatura.”

paulinitas ongoingformation famigliapaolina

= For neither being circumcised nor being uncircumcised matters; what matters is being a new creation.

TEXT ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATIONS

GNT   οὔτε γὰρ περιτομή τί ἐστιν οὔτε ἀκροβυστία ἀλλὰ καινὴ κτίσις.

oúte-οὔτε           (oúte-οὔτε-cc-G3777 ) = L: Neque I: né E: Neither

gàr-γὰρ (gár-γάρ-cc-G1063 ) = L: enim I: infatti E: for

peritomḗ-περιτομή         (peritomḗ-περιτομή-nnfsc-G4061 ) = L: circumcisio I: circoncisione E: circumcision

tí-τί         (tìs-τὶς-rinns-G5100 ) = L: aliquid I: qualcosa E: anything

estin-ἐστιν          (eimí-εἰμί-vipa3s-G1510 ) = L: est I: è, E: is,

oúte-οὔτε           (oúte-οὔτε-cc-G3777 ) = L: neque I: né E: nor

akrobystía-ἀκροβυστία (akrobystía-ἀκροβυστία-nnfsc-G203 ) = L: praeputium I: prepuzio E: uncircumcision;

allà-ἀλλὰ             (allá-ἀλλά-cc-G235 ) = L: sed I: ma E: instead

kainḕ-καινὴ        (kainós-καινός-annfsn-G2537 ) = L: nova I: nuova E: a new

ktísis.-κτίσις.      (ktísis-κτίσις-nnfsc-G2937 ) = L: creatura. I: creatura E: creation.

NOV  Neque enim circumcisio aliquid est neque praeputium sed nova creatura.

PHILOLOGICAL ANNOTATIONS

ἀκροβυστία, (ἡ): a word unknown to the Greeks, who used ἡ ἀκροποσθία and τό ἀκροπόσθιον, from πόσθη i. e. membrum virile. Accordingly it is likely that τήν ποσθην of the Greeks was pronounced τήν βύστην by the Alexandrians, and ἀκροβυστία said instead of ἀκροπόσθια -- i. e. τό ἄκρον τῆς πόσθης, in the Septuagint the equivalent of עָרְלָה the prepuce, the skin covering the glans penis; a. properly:  Acts 11:3; Rom. 2:25,26{b}; 1 Cor. 7:19; Gal. 5:6; 6:15; Col. 3:11; (Judith 14:10; 1 Macc. 1:15); ἐν ἀκροβυστία ὤν having the foreskin (Tertullian praeputiatus), uncircumcised i. e. Gentile, Rom. 4:10; ἐν ἀκροβυστία, namely, ὤν, 1 Cor. 7:18; equivalent, to the same is δι᾽ ἀκροβυστίας, Rom. 4:11; ἡ ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστία πίστις the faith which one has while he is uncircumcised, Rom. 4:11f, b. by metonyny, of the abstract for the concrete, having the foreskin is equiv, to a Gentile:  Rom. 2:26{a}; 3:30; 4:9; Eph. 2:11; ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία, one uncircumcised by birth or a Gentile, opposed to a Jew who shows himself a Gentile in character, Rom. 2:27; εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀκροβυστίας gospel to be preached to the Gentiles, Gal. 2:7. c. in a transferred sense: ἡ ἀκροβυστία τῆς σαρκός (opposed to the περιτομή ἀχειροποίητος or regeneration, Col. 2:11), "the condition in which the corrupt desires rooted in the σάρξ were not yet extinct," Col. 2:13 (the expression is derived from the circumstance that the foreskin was the sign of impurity and alienation from God. –  The f.n. ἀκροβυστία appears the first time in Genesis 17,11, “You are to be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin [LXX: καὶ περιτμηθήσεσθε τὴν σάρκα τῆς ἀκροβυστίας ὑμῶν =  וּנְמַלְתֶּם אֵת בְּשַׂר עָרְלַתְכֶם   = et circumcidetis carnem praeputii vestri]; this will be the sign of the covenant between me and you.” NOTICE:  וּנְמַלְתֶּם  is וְ particle conjunction + H5243 נָמַל namal, “to circumcise, become clipped, be circumcised, be cut off”, here niphal waw consec perfect 2nd person masculine plural. Cfr. H5243 (= to be cut down) in HOT, Job 14,2; 18,16; 24,24; Ps 37,2. - The Council of Jerusalem in Acts of the Apostles 15 addressed the issue of whether circumcision was required of new converts to Christianity. Both Simon Peter and James the Just spoke against requiring circumcision in Gentile converts and the Council ruled that circumcision was not necessary.

RELATED TEXTS: 3 GREEK WORDS IN COMMON

[3] Rom 2:25  For circumcision is indeed of value if you do what Torah says. But if you are a transgressor of Torah, your circumcision has become uncircumcision!

[3] Rom 4:10  but what state was he in when it was so credited circumcision or uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision!

[3] Rom 4:11  In fact, he received circumcision as a sign, as a seal of the righteousness he had been credited with on the ground of the trust he had while he was still uncircumcised. This happened so that he could be the father of every uncircumcised person who trusts and thus has righteousness credited to him,

[3] 1Co 7:19  Being circumcised means nothing, and being uncircumcised means nothing; what does mean something is keeping God's commandments.

SEMANTIC PARALLEL TEXTS

Rom 8,1 (Therefore, there is no longer any condemnation [Οὐδὲν ἄρα νῦν κατάκριμα = Nihil ergo nunc damnationis est] awaiting those who are in union with the Messiah Yeshua.); 1 Cor 7,19; 2 Cor 5,17 (Therefore, if anyone is united with the Messiah, he is a new creation [καινὴ κτίσις·= nova creatura] - the old has passed; look, what has come is fresh and new!); Gal 5,6; Eph 2,10; 4,24; Col 3,10-11 (v10: and have put on the new self [καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν νέον = et induistis novum], which is continually being renewed in fuller and fuller knowledge, closer and closer to the image of its Creator.); Rev 21,5 (Then the One sitting on the throne said, "Look! I am making everything new!" [ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα = Ecce nova facio omnia] Also he said, "Write, 'These words are true and trustworthy!'")

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VERITÀ SECONDO PAOLO: CRISTO È IL MISTERO UMANO DI DIO

1Timoteo 3,16

CEI          Non vi è alcun dubbio che grande è il mistero della vera religiosità: egli fu manifestato in carne umana e riconosciuto giusto nello Spirito, fu visto dagli angeli e annunciato fra le genti, fu creduto nel mondo ed elevato nella gloria.

CJB         Great beyond all question is the formerly hidden truth underlying our faith: He was manifested physically and proved righteous spiritually, seen by angels and proclaimed among the nations, trusted throughout the world and raised up in glory to heaven.

R95         Indiscutiblemente, grande es el misterio de la piedad: Dios fue manifestado en carne, justificado en el Espíritu, visto de los ángeles, predicado a los gentiles, creído en el mundo, recibido arriba en gloria.

FBJ         Oui, c'est incontestablement un grand mystère que celui de la piété : Il a été manifesté dans la chair, justifié dans l'Esprit, vu des anges, proclamé chez les païens, cru dans le monde, enlevé dans la gloire.

Και ομολογουμένως είναι μεγάλο το μυστήριο της ευσέβειάς μασ: Αυτός2266 φανερώθηκε μέσα στη σάρκα, δικαιώθηκε με το Πνεύμα, φανερώθηκε σε αγγέλους, κηρύχτηκε στα έθνη, έγινε πιστευτός στον κόσμο, αναλήφτηκε με δόξα.

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

καὶ (kaì-καί cc/b-Et-e)

ὁμολογουμένως (homologouménōs-ὁμολογουμένως b-omnium confessione-per ammissione di tutti)

μέγα (méga-μέγας annnsn-magnum-grande)

ἐστὶν (estìn-εἰμί vipa3s-est-è)

τὸ (tò-ὁ dnns-[-]-il)

τῆς (tē̂s-ὁ dgfs-[-]-della)

εὐσεβείας (eusebeías-εὐσέβεια ngfsc-pietatis-devozione)

μυστήριον· (mystḗrion:-μυστήριον nnnsc-mysterium:-mistero)

ὃς (hòs-ὅς rrnms-Qui-che)

ἐφανερώθη (ephanerṓthē-φανερόω viap3s-manifestatus est-si manifestò)

ἐν (en-ἐν pd-in-in)

σαρκί, (sarkí,-σάρξ ndfsc-carne,-carne)

ἐδικαιώθη (edikaiṓthē-δικαιόω viap3s-iustificatus est-si giustificò)

ἐν (en-ἐν pd-in-in)

πνεύματι, (pneúmati,-πνεῦμα ndnsc-Spiritu,-spirito)

ὤφθη (ṓphthē-ὁράω viap3s-apparuit-apparve)

ἀγγέλοις, (angélois,-ἄγγελος ndmpc-angelis,-ad angeli)

ἐκηρύχθη (ekērýchthē-κηρύσσω viap3s-praedicatus est-fu proclamato)

ἐν (en-ἐν pd-in-in)

ἔθνεσιν, (éthnesin,-ἔθνος ndnpc-gentibus,-genti)

ἐπιστεύθη (episteúthē-πιστεύω viap3s-creditus est-fu creduto)

ἐν (en-ἐν pd-in-in)

κόσμῳ, (kósmōi,-κόσμος ndmsc-mumdo,-mondo)

ἀνελήμφθη (anelḗmphthē-ἀναλαμβάνω viap3s-assumptus est-fu assunto)

ἐν (en-ἐν pd-in-in)

δόξῃ. (dóxēi.-δόξα ndfsc-gloria.-gloria.)

ὁμολογουμένως (ὁμολογέω), adverb, by consent of all, confessedly, without controversy. In the canonical Greek Bible is used only by Paul, here (cfr. 4 Macc 6,31; 7,16; 16,1) in secular authors from Thucydides, Xenophon,Plato down.

εὐσεβείας: noun genitive feminine singular common from εὐσέβεια; the genitive εὐσεβείας is also in LXX Isa 11,2 (The Spirit of ADONAI will rest on him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and power, the Spirit of knowledge and fearing [πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας = רוּחַ דַּעַת וְיִרְאַת יְהוָה = וְיִרְאַת (וְ particle conjunction יִרְאָה noun common feminine singular construct) H3374 יִרְאָה yir'ah, fear, terror, fearing; awesome] ADONAI-); 1 Tim 3,16; 2 Tim 3,5 (as they retain the outer form of religion [ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας [HNT: כִּדְמוּת יִרְאַת] = habentes speciem quidem pietatis] but deny its power. Stay away from these people!).

μυστήριον: τό μυστήριον, μυστηρίου, (μύστης is one initiated; from μυέω); in classical Greek a hidden thing, secret, mystery (Menander); plural generally mysteries, religious secrets, confided only to the initiated and not to be communicated by them to ordinary mortals. In the Scriptures: τό μυστήριον is a hidden or secret thing, not obvious to the understanding: 1 Cor. 13:2; 14:2; (of the secret rites of the Gentiles, Sap. 14:15,23) or a hidden purpose or counsel; secret will: of men, τοῦ βασιλέως, Tobit 12:7,11; τῆς βουλῆς αὐτοῦ, Judith 2:2; of God: μυστήρια Θεοῦ. ---see Rom 11,25; 1 Cor 2,1 (As for me, brothers, when I arrived among you, it was not with surpassing eloquence or wisdom that I came announcing to you the previously concealed truth about God [τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ = mysterium Dei];); 15,51; Eph 1,9; 3,3; 5,32; 6,19 (And pray for me, too, that whenever I open my mouth, the words will be given to me to be bold in making known the secret of the Good News (τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ εὐαγγελίου = mysterium evangelii),); Col 1,26; 4,3 (Include prayer for us, too, that God may open a door for us to proclaim the message about the secret of the Messiah [αλῆσαι τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ = ad loquendum mysterium Christi]- for that is why I am in prison.); 2 Thess 2,7; 1 Tim 3,9.16.

ἐφανερώθη: indicative aorist passive 3rd person singular from φανερόω. Read Col 1,26 (the secret hidden for generations, for ages, but now made clear to the people he has set apart for himself [νῦν δὲ ἐφανερώθη τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ = nunc autem manifestatum est sanctis eius].). Cfr. Mark 16,12.14; John 21,14; 1 John 1,2 (The life appeared, and we have seen it. We are testifying to it and announcing it to you- eternal life! He was with the Father, and he appeared to us.); 3,2.5.8; 4,9 (Here is how God showed his love among us: God sent his only Son into the world, so that through him we might have life.)

ἐδικαιώθη: indicative aorist passive 3rd person singular from δικαιόω; cfr. Matt 11,19; Luke 7,35; Rom 4,2 (For if Avraham came to be considered righteous by God because of legalistic observances [εἰ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη = Si enim Abraham ex operibus iustificatus est], then he has something to boast about. But this is not how it is before God!); Jas 2,21.25 (Wasn't Avraham avinu declared righteous because of actions [ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη = ex operibus iustificatus est] when he offered up his son Yitz'chak on the altar?)

ὤφθη: indicative aorist passive 3rd person singular from ὁράω; in NT, see Matt 17,3; Mark 9,4; Luke 1,11; 22,43 ("It's true! The Lord has risen! Shim'on saw him!" [καὶ ὤφθη Σίμωνι = et apparuit Simoni]); 24,34; Acts 7,2.26.30; 13,31; 16,9 (There a vision appeared to Sha'ul at night [Καὶ ὅραμα διὰ [τῆς] νυκτὸς τῷ Παύλῳ ὤφθη = Et visio per noctem Paulo ostensa est]. A man from Macedonia was standing and begging him, "Come over to Macedonia and help us!"); 1 Cor 15,5-8 (v5: and he was seen by Kefa [καὶ ὅτι ὤφθη Κηφᾷ = et quia visus est Cephae], then by the Twelve;); 1 Tim 3,16; Rev 11,19; 12,1.3; cfr. 1 Kings 9,2 (ADONAI appeared to Shlomo [καὶ ὤφθη κύριος τῷ Σαλωμων = וַיֵּרָא יְהוָה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹה = apparuit ei [= to Solomon H8010] Dominus] a second time, as he had appeared to him in Giv'on.

ἐκηρύχθη: indicative aorist passive 3rd person singular from κηρύσσω; cfr. Jonah 3:7 (He then had this proclamation made throughout Ninveh [καὶ ἐκηρύχθη καὶ ἐρρέθη ἐν τῇ Νινευη = וַיַּזְעֵק וַיֹּאמֶר בְּנִינְוֵה [וַיַּזְעֵק - וְ particle conjunction זעק verb hiphil waw consec imperfect 3rd person masculine singular apocopated; H2199 זָעַק za`aq, means “to cry, cry out, call, call for help; (Niphal) to be assembled, be called together”] = et clamavit et dixit in Nineve]: "By decree of the king and his nobles, no person or animal, herd or flock, is to put anything in his mouth; they are neither to eat nor drink water.)

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SALVATION IS AVAILABLE THROUGH FAITH IN CHRIST – IN NOBODY ELSE?

ὃς (qui – il quale[Dio Padre]) πάντας (omnes = tutti) ἀνθρώπους (homines = uomini) θέλει (vult = vuole) σωθῆναι (salvos fieri = essere salvati) καὶ (et = e) εἰς (ad = a) ἐπίγνωσιν (agnitionem = riconoscimento) ἀληθείας (veritatis = di verità) ἐλθεῖν (venire = arrivare). (1Timothy 2,4)

= ὃς πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλει σωθῆναι καὶ εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν.

 hòs pántas anthrṓpous thélei sōthē̂nai kaì eis epígnōsin alētheías eltheîn.

= He [God, our Saviour] wants all humanity to be delivered and come to full knowledge of the truth.

PHILOLOGICAL ANNOTATIONS

σωθῆναι = verb infinitive aorist passive from σῴζω, in the Septuagint (LXX) very often for הוֹשִׁיעַ, also for מִלֵּט, נִצֵּל, and הִצִּיל, sometimes for עָזַר; to save, to keep safe and sound, to rescue from danger or destruction (opposed to ἀπόλλυμι); Vulgate: salvum facio (or fio), salvo (salvifico, libero). See Genesis 19,22 “Hurry, and escape to that place, because I can't do anything until you arrive there." For this reason the city was named Tzo'ar [small].” In this verse, “escape” is the translation of הִמָּלֵט, niphal imperative masculine singular from H4422 מָלַט malat, “to slip away, escape, deliver, save, be delivered”. The Septuagint translates with σωθῆναι (Modern Greek: διασώθητι) and the NOV: “salvare” (festina et salvare ibi quia non potero facere quicquam). See also 1 Macc 2,44; 10,83; Isa 15,7; 20,6; 46,2; Ezek 33,12; Matt 19,25 (“When the talmidim heard this they were utterly amazed. "Then who," they asked, "can be saved?" = τίς ἄρα δύναται σωθῆναι; = Quis ergo poterit salvus esse?); Mark 10,26; Luke 18,26; Acts 4,12; 14,9; 15,1.11; 27,31; 2 Thess 2,10; 1 Tim 2,4

RELATED GREEK VERSES (3 GREEK WORDS IN COMMON)

[3] Mat 7:12 "Always treat others as you would like them to treat you; that sums up the teaching of the Torah and the Prophets.

[3] Rom 1:18 What is revealed is God's anger from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people who in their wickedness keep suppressing the truth;

[3] 2Co 4:2 Indeed, we refuse to make use of shameful underhanded methods, employing deception or distorting God's message. On the contrary, by making very clear what the truth is, we commend ourselves to everyone's conscience in the sight of God.

[3] 2Th 2:10 He will enable him to deceive, in all kinds of wicked ways, those who are headed for destruction because they would not receive the love of the truth that could have saved them.

[3] 1Ti 1:15 So here is a statement you can trust, one that fully deserves to be accepted: the Messiah came into the world to save sinners, and I'm the number one sinner!

[3] 2Ti 3:7 who are always learning but never able to come to full knowledge of the truth.

SEMANTIC PARALLELS

Isa 45,22 (Look to me, and be saved  καὶ σωθήσεσθε = and be ye saved - H3467 יָשַׁע yasha`, “to save, be saved, be delivered” - =  et salvi eritis = ], all the ends of the earth! For I am God; there is no other.); 49,6; 53,11; 55,1 (All you who are thirsty, come to the water! You without money, come, buy, and eat! Yes, come! Buy wine and milk without money- it's free!); Ezek 18,23.32; 33,11 (v23: Do I take any pleasure at all in having the wicked person die?" asks Adonai ELOHIM. "Wouldn't I prefer that he turn from his ways and live?); Hab 2,14; Matt 28,19; Mark 16,15; Luke 1,77; 14,23; 24,47 (and in his name repentance leading to forgiveness of sins is to be proclaimed to people from all nations, starting with Yerushalayim.); John 3,15; 6,37; 14,6; 17,17; Rom 3,29-30 (Or is God the God of the Jews only? Isn't he also the God of the Gentiles? Yes, he is indeed the God of the Gentiles; because, as you will admit, God is one. Therefore, he will consider righteous the circumcised on the ground of trusting and the uncircumcised through that same trusting.); 10,12 (That means that there is no difference between Jew and Gentile - ADONAI is the same for everyone, rich toward everyone who calls on him,); 2 Cor 5,17 (Therefore, if anyone is united with the Messiah, he is a new creation- the old has passed; look, what has come is fresh and new!); 1 Thess 2,15-16 (both killed the Lord Yeshua and the prophets, and chased us out too. They are displeasing God and opposing all mankind by trying to keep us from speaking to the Gentiles, so that they may be delivered. Their object seems to be always to make their sins as bad as possible! But God's fury will catch up with them in the end.); 2 Tim 2,25 (); 3,7; Titus 2,11 (For God's grace, which brings deliverance, has appeared to all people.); Heb 10,26; 2 Pet 3,9; Rev 14,6 (Next I saw another angel flying in mid-heaven with everlasting Good News to proclaim to those living on the earth- to every nation, tribe, language and people.)

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2 Corinthians 8,9: Povertà necessaria di Cristo

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γινώσκετε γὰρ (scitis enim = conoscete infatti) τὴν χάριν τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν (gratiam Domini nostri – la grazia del signore nostro) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Iesu Christi = di Gesù Cristo), ὅτι δι᾽ ὑμᾶς (quoniam propter vos = in quanto per voi) ἐπτώχευσεν (egenus factus est = si è impoverito) πλούσιος ὤν (cum esset dives = essendo ricco), ἵνα ὑμεῖς τῇ ἐκείνου πτωχείᾳ πλουτήσητε (ut illius inopia vos divites essetis = perché voi della di lui povertà foste diventati ricchi).***

= For you know how generous our Lord Yeshua the Messiah was- for your sakes he impoverished himself, even though he was rich, so that he might make you rich by means of his poverty.

LITERAL PARALLELS

ἐπτώχευσεν (indicative aorist active 3rd person singular from πτωχεύω, to be extremely poor, destitute); see Judges (A) 6,6 (καὶ ἐπτώχευσεν Ισραηλ σφόδρα ἀπὸ προσώπου Μαδιαμ = And Israel was greatly impoverished because of Madiam = וַיִּדַּל יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹד מִפְּנֵי מִדְיָן  = Humiliatusque est Israel valde in conspectu Madian = CJB: Isra'el became very discouraged because of Midyan). NOTICE: וַיִּדַּל (qal waw consec imperfect 3rd person masculine singular) is from H1809 דָּלַל dalal, meaning “to hang, languish, hang down, be low”.

GREEK RELATED VERSES

Rom 1,7 (To: All those in Rome whom God loves, who have been called, who have been set apart for him: Grace to you and shalom from God our Father and the Lord Yeshua the Messiah.); Acts 2,36; Rom 5,21; 2 Cor 1,2; 13,13 (v13 The grace of the Lord Yeshua the Messiah, the love of God and the fellowship of the Ruach HaKodesh be with you all.)

SEMANTIC PARALLELS

Ps 101,26 (In the beginning, you laid the foundations of the earth; heaven is the work of your hands.); Isa 53,2 (For before him he grew up like a young plant, like a root out of dry ground. He was not well-formed or especially handsome; we saw him, but his appearance did not attract us.); 62,1; 65,8; Matt 8,20; 17,27; 20,28; Mark 6,3; Luke 2,7; 8,3; 9,58; 16,11; John 1,1.10.14.17; 12,30; 16,15; 17,19; Rom 5,8.20; 8,32; 11,12; 1 Cor 1,4; 3,21-22; 15,47; 2 Cor 6,10 (as having reason to be sad, yet always filled with joy; as poor, yet making many people rich; as having nothing, yet having everything!); Eph 1,6; 2,7; 3,8.19; Phil 2,6; Col 1,16-17.24; 1 Tim 6,18; Heb 1,2.6; Jas 2,5; Rev 3,18; 21,7 (He who wins the victory will receive these things, and I will be his God, and he will be my son.)